Our History

The initial history of the Lilliputian Surgical Society was presented at the annual dinner of the Society in 1989 at the 30th Anniversary of Its founding by George Holcomb, Jr.

George’s Presentation had such charm and so captured the atmosphere of the Society that it was felt it should stand as the basic historical document. Its presentation and preservation serve to orient new members to the goals and ideals of the Society. Addenda were added in 2007, 2011, 2015, and 2022 by Society historian, Howard Filston, who attempted to maintain some of the gracious styles of the original while somewhat expanding and updating the history.

I am substituting for Hugh Lynn who rightfully should be presenting this historical review of the Lilliputian Society. Unfortunately, he could not be here because Lee was having hip problems, and he did not wish to leave her alone. As it turned out, although we greatly miss their presence, some things need to be said about Hugh that you may not know, and he certainly would not tell. 

When I first arrived at Boston Children’s Hospital forty years ago this month, Hugh was there in the rotation ahead of me. I greatly appreciated his big brother attitude as he explained the dos and don’ts of the hospital routine. At first, I assumed he was sympathetic because I was from the south and was having difficulty with the native language. In addition, I was still on cloud nine as my girlfriend and I decided to get married on the way to Boston. Later, however, I discovered he took all the younger residents under his wing and assisted them in every way he could.

Thirty years ago this same caring attitude undoubtedly prompted Hugh, when he was Chief of Pediatric Surgery at Louisville Children’s Hospital, to invite the pediatric surgeons in the surrounding cities to attend a program he organized in conjunction with a chapter meeting of the American College of Surgeons. In those days, we did not have a journal devoted to our specialty, and no formal programs or a section within the College of Surgeons. Our only forum was the American Academy of Pediatrics where we had participated in the Surgical Section Meetings for several years. In our individual practices we had encountered very sick children with unusual congenital anomalies for which we often had no solution. Gross’s textbook did not supply all the answers to these unusual problems, and our past training did not provide solutions either. Naturally, we were eager to come to Louisville, and to learn all we could and share our experiences.

Those attending were Bob Allen from Memphis; Earle Wrenn was invited but stayed home to cover the service; Lester Martin came from Cincinnati; Gene Lewis from St. Louis; Ide Smith from Kansas City; Dick Segnitz from Lexington; and I came from Nashville. Fred Arcari was Hugh’s chief resident, and we enjoyed the morning program presented by them at the Children’s Hospital. 

Following lunch, we discussed some of our interesting cases informally as a “bull session.” Our interests immediately centered on our problems rather than our successes because that was what bothered each of us the most. When we looked around the room we saw there were no reporters present, no referring pediatricians, no plaintiff’s lawyers and realized our discussions would not be recorded, so we each confessed our sins, admitted our failures, and concluded we needed each other to help solve these difficult problems. 

That evening we enjoyed dinner at Hugh and Lee Lynn’s home. As we discussed the day’s activities, we agreed that it would be a great idea to organize future meetings with each of us serving as host at our own institution and using a similar format. As we talked about a name it was jokingly suggested“…why not Lilliputians?” So we temporarily accepted that suggestion. You ladies will be pleased to know that wise old Hugh, insisted from the beginning, that to be successful our group would need to organize activities which would appeal to our wives as much as to ourselves. Gene Lewis invited us to come to St. Louis for the second meeting in 1961. This was to be held in conjunction with the Central Surgical Association, and Lester Martin arranged for us to join the same group in Cincinnati in 1962. These gatherings were so successful, we decided to continue the annual meetings, but establish independence from any national affiliations. Memphis was the destination for the fourth meeting (1963), and there, bylaws were adopted and other members were elected. It was agreed that the purpose of the society was to:

  1. Further our knowledge of pediatric surgery.

  2. Enable us to discuss and solve personal problems related to the practice of pediatric surgery.

  3. Assist in the placement or procurement of residents and interns interested in the field, and in every way possible use our facilities to contribute to the advancement of children’s surgery.

In 1964 we followed Hugh Lynn to Rochester, Minnesota, where we were excited about the society receiving a gavel made from the staircase in Dr. Will Mayo’s home. Our membership was increased and Lilliputian Surgical Society became our official name. The next year, we traveled to Kansas City, then Nashville and Lexington in successive years. 

The Lilliputian Meetings have proved to be unique and very special because Hugh Lynn’s idea of sharing experiences met the need that each of us felt in the early days of pediatric surgery. At that time, most of us did not have local pediatric surgical colleagues to discuss or understand our problems. The informal afternoon meeting became the Albatross Session which continues to be very popular, most informative, and private. 

The third reason for success was the discovery that a smaller meeting was more manageable, more personal, and certainly more pleasurable. Within this group, very strong bonds of friendship were formed which have been maintained. Throughout the years, the loyalty felt to this society by the ladies as well as the men has been self-evident. And fourthly, because we remain small, we could witness the host’s entire program, his physical plant, the support services, and talk with his residents and attending staff, thus expanding our knowledge every time. 

The Lilliputian Meetings have been held in all sections of the country, and we have been privileged to see the uniqueness of cities throughout America. We enjoyed walking through the restoration of downtown Boston and Philadelphia. We learned Pittsburgh was a good place to live before a national survey told us so. We dined with the dinosaurs in the Cleveland Museum (of Natural History) and observed Tom Boles fine program in Columbus. We saw the changing face of Detroit and the steel capital of the south in Birmingham, Alabama. 

We watched the making of surgical instruments in Durham, cruised the bayous of Louisiana, and dined on the Mississippi River. We Toured Minneapolis with Bernie and Carol (Spencer), mid-west stock exchange in Kansas City, and enjoyed that famous Texas hospitality in Fort Worth and Dallas. Moving west, we gathered in Phoenix with a future president of the American Medical Association (Dan Cloud). Later we thrilled to a performance of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir (in Salt Lake City.) We’ve picnicked on an Oklahoma oil rig and in the deLorimier’s private vineyard. We floated the Colorado River and climbed the Mayan Ruins at Chichen Itza following a joint meeting with the Mexican Society of Pediatric Surgeons in Mexico City. 

It has been a short but memorable thirty years. The scientific programs have always been stimulating and always increased our knowledge. Each city has had its unique attractions which provided us with pleasurable memories. Each year the programs seem to get better and better. Rick and Peggy (Fonkalsrud), we thank you both for all your efforts to give us another stimulating program and such an exciting visit to Southern California. This is one we shall always remember. 

Hugh, you and Lee birthed us and have guided us through these thirty years with your vision, your wisdom, and your concern.

We salute you in absentia.

Addendum

October 2007

By: Howard C. Filston
Revised: December 2011; September 2015; September 2016, September 2017, September 2022.

There is no way to improve upon the heartfelt history that George Holcomb, Jr. presented at the meeting in 1989. It gives a real taste of what it was like to be practicing pediatric surgery during the infancy of the specialty. Most of the pediatric surgeons were alone in their areas of practice. The initial textbook authored by Ladd and Gross in 1941 was groundbreaking but limited to abdominal entities and outdated, and Gross’s more comprehensive 1953 text was becoming so. Rarer anomalies were not addressed, and the increased survival of extremely premature infants with surgically amenable anomalies presented unique new problems. The two-volume text that became the early standard for the specialty was not published until 1962, and the Journal of Pediatric Surgery first appeared in 1966. The specialty of neonatology was in its infancy, and didn’t exist in most places, not even in some of the major children’s hospitals. There was no APSA; not until 1970.  There were no regular formal programs at the American College of Surgeons meetings.  The surgical world really didn’t want to recognize us as a distinct specialty; the general surgeons saw us as just another group taking cases away from them.  The only formal gathering of pediatric surgeons was at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics where the Surgical Section had been in existence since 1948.  Lilliputians was then and continues to be now a meeting where colleagues from across the country can come together and share their difficult cases with the hope that the extensive experience represented by the members of this group can provide them with helpful suggestions. This was often true for me when I was in practice alone at Duke for many years .Early on there was also the opportunity to tour the host surgeon’s facility and learn how neonatal cases were being housed and handled.  The first neonatal surgical intensive care facility was developed by C. Everett Koop at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in 1956, but even at a facility as sophisticated as Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital in Cleveland, when I returned to join the faculty there in 1971, post-surgical babies were still housed in the regular neonatal nursery where state laws developed to contain post-partum sepsis governed readmissions and visitations.

Hugh Lynn recalls that the name “Lilliputians” was originally suggested by Ide Smith at the first meeting; as noted by George Holcomb, Lilliputian Surgical Society was formally adopted at the 1964 meeting in Rochester, Minnesota. The Lilliputians, of course, were the little people of Gulliver’s first adventure in Jonathan Swift’s political satire Gulliver’s Travels. Appropriately, Gulliver was a “ship’s surgeon.”

The use of the term “Albatross” for the sessions at which difficult problems are presented comes from Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poem The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner. The mariner shoots an albatross following which the ship appears to be under a curse. The shipmates force the mariner to wear the dead albatross around his neck. The metaphor indicates a burden to be carried, sometimes indicating that it is a problem of ones own making. For Lilliputians it refers to lingering, complex, difficult cases for which solutions are not readily apparent.

For Lilliputians the Albatross refers to lingering, complex, difficult cases for which solutions are not readily apparent.

This little society has continued to flourish in the 33 years since George Holcomb presented his initial history. Guests have always been welcome; initially they were the source of new members and continue to be so. The active membership was initially fixed at 25 by by-law. In 2012 this was modified to gradually increase the active membership to 30. Criteria for membership perhaps reflect the southern roots of many of the initial members: in addition to being well-respected pediatric surgeons, a certain graciousness and humility have characterized invitees, traits important in an organization that focuses on seeking solutions to problems the member (or guest) presents as personal dilemmas or even misjudgments. Guests are invited based on recommendations of members but are invited by the society as a whole. In addition to being capable board-certified pediatric surgeons, membership is extended to those who show interest by attending as guests repeatedly through the years. The LSS continues to attract guests and members who are not only successful and innovative pediatric surgeons, but also enjoyable people of highest character.

Although the society never intended to exclude women pediatric surgeons from membership, it is only recently that we have welcomed Mary Fallat, appropriately from Louisville, our birthplace, as our first female member and more recently Diana Farmer. Thus, although George Holcomb’s initial history accurately portrayed the spouses as the “ladies”, that has changed for the better.

Also, it was never intended that Lilliputians would have any political or policy functions nationally. And members were not chosen for their prominence in these aspects of the specialty.  Nevertheless, the Lilliputians have been well represented as officers of our national societies and among those receiving the most distinguished awards.  

A partial list includes:

  • Twenty have chaired the Surgical Section of the AAP

  • Seventeen Lilliputians have been president of APSA

  • Seven have received the Ladd Medal from the AAP

  • Six have been chosen for the Arnold Salzberg Mentoring Award

  • Three have received the APSA Distinguished Service Award (Tom Holder, Lucien Leape, and Mary Fallat; only eleven have been awarded)

  • One was president of the American Medical Association

Robert Gross, who was never a member of Lilliputians, received almost every national and international award in existence, but Mary Fallat and Diana Farmer seem to be well on their way to matching his record, including both being current Regents of The American College of Surgeons (2022); and Diana Farmer is the current president of the American Surgical Association, the oldest and considered by many to be the most prestigious surgical association.

 Perhaps the take-away principle we can apply from the fact that Lilliputians have also been such leaders not only in Pediatric Surgery, but in other national and international associations as well, is that good leaders recognize that they do not have all the answers.  Thus, they too benefit from the interchanges that continued membership in Lilliputians affords them.

The LSS continues to attract guests and members who are not only successful and innovative pediatric surgeons, but also enjoyable people of highest character. A particularly joyous addition was that of George W. “Whit” Holcomb, III, George’s son.

During the early years, the meeting generally began on Friday evening with the members having dinner at the home of the annual host. The guests joined in for the Saturday meeting and banquet. In the early seventies provision was made for the guests to have a dinner together at a separate venue. However, as the membership expanded with older members reaching inactive or senior status, the numbers became too large to accommodate at the host’s home, so Friday night became a gathering for all. With the advent of the APSA meeting in the spring, Lilliputians was changed to a September meeting in the seventies.

The fellowship aspect has been expanded with an entire day devoted to the highlights of the city or region of the meeting. We have enjoyed some great places and seen some venues that we would never have seen as individuals on our own. George Holcomb mentioned a few in his initial history. We’ve seen original lasers in Columbus, Ohio, the World War II Museum in D.C; the D-Day Museum near Roanoke, Virginia; the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California; the Clydesdales and Busch Stadium inner sanctum in St. Louis where we also climbed up into the Arch, and the Midwest Stock Exchange in Kansas City. We had a special tour of Churchill Downs in Louisville and stayed to watch the races.  We’ve been to rodeos, concerts, and heard the Mormon Tabernacle Choir in dress rehearsal with Dale and Beverly Johnson in the choir.  There were many additional enjoyable experiences, too many to list, and we learned to appreciate that such places as Omaha, Nebraska, and Roanoke, Virginia, have a charm and attractions equal to Washington, D.C. We found that repeat trips to such places as Boston, Cincinnati, Kansas City, Memphis, Oklahoma City, and Minneapolis could be just as interesting when seen through the eyes of a different member. 

The scientific format has changed little since the early days; the Albatross Session is still its highlight and often the opportunity is present to see the latest innovations at the host institution. This was especially helpful in the early years as neonatal units evolved and we were able to benefit from seeing how neonates were being cared for around the country. Adhering to Hugh Lynn’s repeated admonition that “there must be good science” has kept the society attractive to the best and brightest in our field. 

A Constitution and By-Laws were originally formulated in 1964. These were extensively revised in 2005 and amended in 2007, 2012, 2015,2018 and 2021. The organization of the Society was initially simple, there being only one officer, the annual host. However, issues related to maintaining bank accounts and potential issues with the Internal Revenue Service made formal establishment of the Society as a non-profit 501-c-3 entity under the U.S. Tax Code desirable. In 2015, Mary Fallat initiated the application with professional consultation from her personal CPA, and the IRS acceptance letter was received in time for the required modifications of the Constitution and By-Laws to be ratified by unanimous vote of the active members at the Annual Business Meeting in Nashville, Tennessee, on 26 September 2015. One of the requirements was to have an additional officer so that the Annual Host now serves as Treasurer during the year of his/her tenure and becomes president for the subsequent year. This provides opportunity for an internal audit. More recently the position of “Agent” was added to assure compliance with the IRS requirement for timely filing of the organization’s annual report.

There are now 23 living retired senior members of the society, and it is a tribute to how much the LSS means to these members and their spouses that at least half of them continue to come regularly if not annually. Time has taken its toll, however, and several valued members and beloved spouses have died. Their names appear in the In Memoriam Section. Fortunately, we were blessed with the presence of Hugh and Lee Lynn, into their tenth decade. The guidelines they and the other early members established have proven to be ones that have assured the success and longevity of the Lilliputian Surgical Society for over sixty years.

It has been 63 years since our founding; and 2022 is the 61st meeting.  Only the terrorist attack of 9/11/2001 and the recent Covid pandemic managed to cancel the intrepid Lilliputians.  The little society has been a source of strong and lasting professional and personal friendships that have not only made the anticipation of the annual gathering a pleasure but have enhanced the meetings of the much larger surgical societies by the presence there of close friends from Lilliputians.

For the young and active members upon whose shoulders the future of the Lilliputian Surgical Society now rests, remember always the admonitions of our prescient founding father, Hugh Lynn: the longevity and worthiness of the society would depend upon maintaining two important principles: there must be good science, including the Albatross Sessions; it must be fun, especially for the spouses. Never forget. The Albatross still lives and may visit anyone of us at any time. Knowledgeable, empathetic colleagues are a great blessing when it does.